上海成考网为各位考生准备了上海成人高考专升本《英语》17个易错单词解析,供大家参考。
上海成人高考专升本《英语》17个易错单词解析
1.able,capable,competent
able为常用词,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知识与时间等,一般下效率无关,用作定语表示能力超出平均水平。如:A cat is able to see in the dark.(猫在黑暗中能看见东西。)
capable指满足一般要求的能力,可以是表现出来的,也可是潜在的,搭配是be capable of+doing。用作定语,表示的能力没有able表示的能力强。如:He is capable of running a mile in a minute.(他能在一分钟内跑完一英里。)He is a very capable doctor.(他是一位很好的大夫。)
competent指“胜任”,“合格”,或受过专业技术等训练的,但不是超群的能力。如:A doctor should
be competent to treat many diseases.(医生应该能治多种病。)
2.aboard,abroad,board,broad
aboard在船(或飞机,车)上。如:I never went aboard a ship.
abroad副词,在国外或海外。如:He often goes abroad.
board为动词,上(船,飞机,车)。如:The passengers are boarding the plane now.
broad为形容词,宽广的。如:He has very broad shoulders.
3.accept,receive
accept接受,receive“接到”,“收到”。如:I received an invitation yesterday,but I didn’t acceptit.(昨天我收到了一个请柬,但并没有接受邀请。)
4.accident,incident,event
accident事故。如:a traffic accident(交通事故)
incident“附带事件”,在政治上特指引起国际争端或战争的事件,事变。
event“事件”,指特别重要的事件,通常是由以前的努力而产生的结果,也指国家和社会的事件。
5.accomplish,complete,finish,achieve,attain
accomplish表成功,强调完成的结果而不是过程。如:Because of his hard word,things are
accomplished.(由于他的努力,事情都已完成了。)
complete表示积极的完成,更具体地指建筑、工程等的完成。如:Has he complete his novel yet?(他的小说写完了吗?)
finish最常用,后接动词的-ing形式,表示在一个活动的连续过程中完成了最后的一步或阶段。如:I’ll finishthe job alone.(我要独自完成这项工作。)
achieve完成,实现,强调通过努力而达到目的。如:You will achieve success if you work hard.
Attain达到,实现,常用于一般人的能力不易达到的目的。如:Greater efforts are needed before we can attain our goals.
6.accurate,correct,exact,precise
accurate准确的,精确的。如:Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火车站的钟应该是准确的。)
correct“正确的”,指符合一定的标准或准则,含有“无错误的”意味。它的反义词是incorrect,wrong.
exact“精确的”,“恰好的”,比“大体上正确”更进一步,表“丝毫不差”。它的反义词是inexact。
precise强调“精确”,“精密”。
7.accuse,charge,sue
accuse指责,指控,常与of搭配。如:His boss accused him of carelessness.
charge常与with搭配。如:The police charged the driver with reckless driving.
sue常与for搭配。如:Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house.
8.achieve,acquire,require,inquire
achieve(成功地)完成,实现。如:He will never achieve anything unless he works harder.(如他不努力工作,将会一事无成。)
acquire取得,获得,学到。如:acquire knowledge(获得知识)
inquire打听,询问。如:inquire a person’s name(问一个人的姓名)
require需要。如:We require more help.(我们需要更多的帮助。)
9.act,action,deed
act用作名词时,与action,deed均可表“行为”,“举动”。Act指时间较短的个人行动或行为,强调结果。
如:The farmer caught the boys in the act of stealing his apples.(农夫在孩子们正偷他的苹果时把他们抓住了。)
action较正式,往往指不止包含一个步骤,且持续时间较长的行为或行动,强调行为的过程。如:Actions aremore important than words.(行动比语言更重要。)
deed为正式用语,多指伟大的,显著的,感人的行为。如:They thanked him for his good deeds.(他们感谢他做的好事。)
10.actual,true,real,genuine
actual意为“实际的”,“现实的”,指所形容的事物在事实上已经发生或存在,而不是仅在理论上可能发生或存在的。
true“真实的”,指与实际相符,而非虚假。
genuine“真的”,“非冒充的”,“货真价实的”,强调正宗而非冒牌。
11.adequate,enough,sufficient
adequate足够的,指数量多,适合需要的数量。
enough足够的,指数量多,足够满足某种目的或愿望。
sufficient同enough,常可互换使用。但sufficient指数量多,足够满足某种需要,在口语中常用enough,在书面语中常用sufficient,在不易肯定时多用enough。Enough可放在被修饰名词后,且可作副词,sufficient则不可这么用。
12.admit,confess两者都表“承认”。
admit指大胆地承认以前试图不论或推诿的坏事。如:John has admitted to breaking the window.(约翰已承认打破了窗玻璃。)
Confess常指承认错误,罪行等。如:The thief confessed his crime to the police.(小偷向警察承认了罪行。)
13.advice,advise
advice劝告(名词)。如:I want to give you some advice.
advise劝告(动词)。如:What do you advise me to do?
14.adopt,adapt
adopt(1)收养。如:Since they have no children of their own,they decided to adopt a little girl.(他们自己没有孩子,所以决定收养一个小女孩。)(2)采纳,采用,通过。如:He adopted our suggestion.(他采纳了我们的建议。)
adopt与adapt词形相近,后者的意思是“使适合”,“改编”等。
15.advance,proceed,progress均可表“前进”。
advance表向一个特定的目的地,在一定的时间或空间内稳定地向前运动。如:Napoleon’s armyadvanced on Moscow.(拿破仑的军队向莫斯科挺进。)
proceed强调从一处向另一处的运动,常表停顿后继续前进。如:They proceeded from London to Paris.(他们从伦敦往巴黎前进。)
peogress多表自然过程,指生长,发展等稳定地或循环往复地前进。如:The year is progressing,it willsoon be summer.(光阴似箭,很快又是夏天了。)
16.advantage,benefit,profit
advantage常指一种使某人处于比其他人相对有利的地位,机会或时机。如:He had the advantage ofgood education.(受过良好的教育对他十分有利。)
profit多指报偿或报偿性的收入。如Did you make any profit last year?(你去年赚钱了吗?)
benefit指物质利益或精神方面的好处。如:I get no personal benefit from the business.(我个人从这家企业中并不获益。)
17.advise,convince,persuade均可表“劝说”。
advise表建议,规劝某人应该做某事或如何做。如:He advised me to put my money in the bank.(他劝我把钱存入银行。)
convince指向某人陈述事实,运用推理或逻辑证明使某人信服。如:We convinced Smith to go by train rather than